More on Lipid Bylayer

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Feel patient enough today to be able to read a scientific article?

"This thin, flexible, and potentially very fragile structure is all that stands between the interior of the cell and the environment." (Yeah, cells could not form organs if it wasn't for the extra-cellular matrix made of collagen, a very strong protein).

"Most books mention that membranes have a typical "lipid bilayer," but why lipids, why should it be a bilayer, and how was this basic structure determined? Although it is now generally taken for granted that membranes are based on the presence of a lipid bilayer, that was not always the case. Early experiments, often by physicists, led to the understanding that the cell membrane was lipid in nature. A key experiment using the Langmuir trough provided the basis for accepting that the membrane is a bilayer and laid the groundwork for the current model of membrane structure."

"Working in her kitchen, and with no formal training, she devised a simple apparatus to quantify the area covered by the oil film. Her apparatus was refined by Langmuir (1917) and is now generally referred to as a Langmuir trough (Figure 2), although it really should be a Pockels trough."

So that's it. Whole cellular biology science is based on this experiment done in the kitchen 100 years ago. Intrigued already?

Then see this.

In other words, CDC, first in front line of the battle with COVID thinks viruses are alive and eat protein. As for the formaldehyde part, i'm trying to think. Don't know of anything toxic inside a coronavirus.

Anyways this is not the purpose of this post. I'm still at the bylayer. Both cells and viruses are surrounded by a bylayer membrane. So when the viruses multiply inside a host cell in the end they have to "steal" a part of the cell's membrane to make it their own.

But then i realized i don't know how during cellular division (not all cells divide but most do) the "parent" cell shares its membrane to the two daughters.

What do i know. It looks like cells have muscles (and skeletons).
Actin and myosin. The muscle proteins inside cell that form the contractile ring that initiates the change of shape from spherical into two lobes and then the cell becomes two.

However virus progenies employ a different mechanism for generating their membrane. I was reading this article but did not fully understand how.

"Although membrane fusion for entry is a speciality of the enveloped viruses due to the presence of a lipid bilayer around them, HSV is capable of exploiting other routes of entry as well"

So we know how the virus enters the host cell. Membrane (lipid bylayer) fusion and/or endocytosis. But how is it released?

Apparently the virus emerges encapsulated by using parts of the Golgi network that turn into "secretory vesicles". But where the virus gets its spike proteins and how it breaks the cells membrane to escape?

I'm not getting to any conclusion yet and plan to read further in the immediate future but from what i read so far to me viruses are so fragile and the mechanisms of cell invasion, replication and building are so complicated it should take very little to brake them. Of course main motivation for writing this is frustration with a science and scientists who failed for such a long time to find something to disrupt them.