Synchronization In The Human Cardiorespiratory System
Carsten Schafer,1,* Michael G. Rosenblum,1,† Hans-Henning Abel,2 and Jurgen Kurths1
Department of Physics, Potsdam University, Am Neuen Palais 10, Postfach 601553, D-14415 Potsdam, Germany
Department of Cardioanesthesiology, Stadtisches Klinikum Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
Received 17 December 1998
We investigate synchronization between cardiovascular and respiratory systems in healthy humans under free-running conditions. For this aim we analyze nonstationary irregular bivariate data, namely, electrocardio-grams and measurements of respiratory flow. We briefly discuss a statistical approach to synchronization in noisy and chaotic systems and illustrate it with numerical examples; effects of phase and frequency locking are considered. Next, we present and discuss methods suitable for the detection of hidden synchronous epochs from such data. The analysis of the experimental records reveals synchronous regimes of different orders n:m and transitions between them; the physiological significance of this finding is discussed. S1063-651X 99 12407-3
PACS number s : 87.19.Hh, 87.17.Aa, 05.45. a
https://docs.google.com/open?id=0B-ShIhkErMIPSDJvOXVhU19EVkU
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